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The maintenance of glutathione redox homeostasis and having a sufficient pool of glutathione to readily combat the daily stresses and toxins we face  is a complex system with many factors effects the levels and function of glutathione.

1 – Cysteine supply and intra-cellular availability

Glutathione is comprised of three amino acids, glutamine, glycine and cysteine.  The special properties of glutathione come from the Sulphur atom contained in the cysteine.

It is this cysteine which is the rate limiting component in the synthesis of glutathione, so glutathione supplementation has focused on providing cysteine.  The reactive nature of it means it is a challenge to provide cysteine inside this cell before it has reacted in the digestive system or blood stream and become inactive form cystine, which is two cysteine’s bonded together by their sulfur atoms. (Note the subtle different in spelling, cysteine and cystine!)

http://toxicology.usu.edu/endnote/regulation-cellular-glutathione.pdf

Another consideration is where someone is in a state of immunoexcitotoxicity, which can happen from causes such as autism and chronic head trauma.

“The cystine/glutamate X c antiporter is an exchange system where intracellular glutamate is exchanged for extracellular cystine, so as to supply cysteine for glutathione (GSH) generation. [147] Excess extracellular glutamate prevents exchange and lowers astrocytic GSH. The astrocyte is the major source of neuronal GSH. Under such conditions, the neuron becomes highly vulnerable to conditions of oxidative stress, as seen with concussive brain injuries and immunoexcitotoxicity.”

from Immunoexcitotoxicity as a central mechanism in chronic traumatic encephalopathy-A unifying hypothesis

N-Acetyl-Cysteine has been the most commonly used supplement for raising glutathione levels, however it has low bio-availability.  Researchers have spent decades developing new cysteine and glutathione compounds (Prodrugs) which can deliver either cysteine or glutathione into the cell. There is one commercially available glutathione prodrug, S-Acetyl-GSH, and the most bio-available cysteine compound available on the market is RiboCeine.

2 – Activation of Nrf2

Before I say too much on Nrf2 I highly recommend watching  this YouTube on DNA Transcription first which helped me understand clearly some of the terms I had been reading in the medical journal articles.

While glutathione is known as the master anti-oxidant, Nrf2 is the master regulator of the anti-oxidant response.

Reactive Oxygen Species and toxins (heavy metals etc) cause the Nrf2 protein to separate from the Keap1 protein, which is normally bound to.  Then it move to the nucleus of the cell where it binds with the ARE (Antioxidant Response Element) which encodes various anti-oxidant, detoxifying, and DNA repair enzymes.

Most relevantly the enzymes include all the glutathione enzymes which are required for synthesis, anti-oxidant function, detoxification function, and recycling of used glutathione.

Rather than repeat what’s already been well written on Nrf2 for more details read this article Nrf2, a Guardian of Healthspan and Gatekeeper of Species Longevity

Many of the ‘anti-oxidant’ properties of plant extracts, are in fact due to the activation of Nrf2 rather than acting as a direct anti-oxidant.  Some of the most well studies ones include sulforaphane (from cruciferous vegetables, and is in the most highest concentration in broccoli sprouts) and curcumin, the yellow pigment in the spice turmeric.

Human clinicals have shown that these plant Nrf2 activators can increase glutathione levels.  However many of these Nrf2 products (such as ProVantage and Nuley) do not contain any cysteine compounds.  My concern here is that these Nrf2 activators may also deplete glutathione in the long run as some are in fact conjugated by glutathione, so ideally Nrf2 activators should be combined with a cystine/glutathione compound (such as with Cellgevity).

It is concluded that SFN [sulforaphane] undergoes metabolism by S-oxide reduction and dehydrogenation and that GSH conjugation is the major pathway by which the parent compound and its phase I metabolites are eliminated in the rat.

Biotransformation of the Naturally Occurring Isothiocyanate Sulforaphane in the Rat:  Identification of Phase I Metabolites and Glutathione Conjugates

Also GSH Depletion Greatly Diminishes the Nrf2 Expression of Antioxidant Genes. So the lower levels of glutathione means lower levels of the ezymes which create glutathione and are required for a its function. Potentially a vicious cycle, hence the importance of always taking a two-pronged approach of both supplementing with cysteine pro-drugs such as RiboCeine and plant-based Nrf2 activators.
(source: Genetic dissection of the Nrf2-dependent redox signaling-regulated transcriptional programs of cell proliferation and cytoprotection)

3 – Genetics

As discussed glutathione’s critical roles can require the presence of either the enzyme GPx (glutathione peroxidase) or GST (glutathione s-transferase).  These are not just a single enzymes, but a family of enzymes with slightly different roles and have different concentrations in different tissues/organs.

Glutathione Peroxoidase is required for anti-oxidant function glutathione, and glutathione s-trasferases are required for it detoxification function.

There are eight genes for GPx which are GPX1 through to GPX8.  There are 9 classes of GST enzymes, which some classes have multiple members.

We all have slightly different genetics, and there exists common genetic variations (alleles) which can cause some of these GPx or GST enzymes not to be expressed properly.

About 50% of the population have a null allele of GSTM1  which means it is non-functional.

A small examples of journal articles investigating the links of these polymorphisms are:

Analysis of case-parent trios at a locus with a deletion allele: association of GSTM1 with autism

Genetic variant of glutathione peroxidase 1 in autism

Polymorphisms within glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) and risk of relapse in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Cruciferous vegetables, genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1, and prostate cancer risk.

Can anything be done to assist those with a null GSTM1?  A number of research articles have look at sulforaphane and GSTM1 alleles, particularly in regards to prostate cancer.

Unfortunately the results have been that people with a null GSTM1 have less benefit from sulforaphane consumption, those this may highlight the need for those with these poorer genetics to consume even higher levels of Nrf2 activating phytochemicals.

Broccoli Consumption Interacts with GSTM1 to Perturb Oncogenic Signalling Pathways in the Prostate

4 – Epigenetics

Epigenetics is the changes in gene function which occur other than by changes in the underlying DNA.  Two key ways gene expressions is modified is through methylation and histones.  For as essential, brief overview of epigenetic modifications watch this entertaining YouTube video first on Epigenetics by the SciShow.

Methylation is where methyl groups attach to the DNA and effectively turn off that gene.  Histones wrap around the DNA and modify how much a gene is expressed.

Where this is relevant for glutathione production is the action Nrf2 can be inhibited by these epigenetic changes from poor diet, stress etc.

For example there is a number of research papers showing that the expression of Nrf2 can be inhibited by epigenetic modifications, and that these changes can be reversed with the Nrf2 activators Sulforaphane and Curcumin (both ingredients in the glutathione formulation Cellgevity)

Nrf2 Expression Is Regulated by Epigenetic Mechanisms in Prostate Cancer of TRAMP Mice

Sulforaphane enhances Nrf2 expression in prostate cancer TRAMP C1 cells through epigenetic regulation

Pharmacodynamics of curcumin as DNA hypomethylation agent in restoring the expression of Nrf2 via promoter CpGs demethylation.

Glutathione peroxidase 7 has potential tumour suppressor functions that are silenced by location-specific methylation in oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Interestingly one way some cancer cells have increased cytoprotection is through epigenetic modifications. Normally Nrf2 is bound with the KEAP protein in the cystol .  It was found in cancerous human colorectal cells that the KEAP region was hypermethylated, reducing its mRNA expression, which in turn increased nuclear Nrf2 and downstream ARE (Antioxidant Response Element) gene expression.

Methylation of the KEAP1 gene promoter region in human colorectal cancer

Dietary phytochemicals and cancer prevention: Nrf2 signaling, epigenetics, and cell death mechanisms in blocking cancer initiation and progression.

a href=”http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/12/66″ target=”_blank”

Dr Roberts currently holds the positions of Dean of the School of Pharmacy and Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Wisconsin.  In addition to that currently volunteers on the Max International medical advisory board alongside many other highly accomplished and recognized medical doctors.  Max International is the leader in glutathione delivery technology with the RiboCeine compound developed and researched by Dr Nagasawa, Dr Roberts and many other scientists over the past 25 years.

The following references are the 15 studies Dr Roberts participated in and published on the RiboCeine glutathione technology over a 19 year period.

The RiboCeine compound in now available to the public as a supplement in Max International’s flagship product Cellgevity.

Dr. Jeannette Roberts, a former student of Dr. Herbert T. Nagasawa, speaks of her respect for his leadership in the development of medicinal chemistry.

References:

Roberts, J.C.; Nagasawa, H.T.; Zera, R.T.; Fricke, R.F.; Goon, D.J. W. Prodrugs of L-cysteine as protective agents against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. 2-(polyhydroxyalky)-and 2-(Polyacetoxyalky)-Thiazolidine-4(R)-Carboxylic Acids. J. Med Chem. 1987, 30, 1891-1896.

Roberts, J.C.; Francetic, D.J.; Zera, R.T. L-cysteine prodrug protects against cyclophosphamide urotoxicity without compromising therapeutic activity. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 1991, 28, 166-170.

Roberts, J.C.; Francetic, D.J. Time course for the elevation of glutathione in numerous organs of L1210-bearing CDF1 mice given the L-cysteine prodrug, RibCys. Toxicology Letters, 1991, 59, 245-251.

Roberts, J.C.; Francetic, D.J. Mechanisms of Chemoprotection by RibCys, a Thiazolidine Prodrug of L-cysteine. Med. Chem. Res., 1991, 1, 213-219.

Roberts, J.C.; Charyulu, R. L.; Zera, R.T.; Nagasawa, H.T. Protection Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity by Ribose-Cysteine (RibCys). Pharmacology & Toxicology, 1992, 70, 281-285.

Rowe, J.K.; Zera, R.T.; Madoff, R.D.; Fink, A.S.; Roberts, J.C.; Johnston, G.R.; Freeney, D.A.;Young, H.L.; Bubrick, M.P. Protective Effect of RibCys Following High-Dose Irradiation of the Rectosigmoid. Dis. Colon Rectum, 1993, 36(7), 681-687.

Roberts, J.C.;Francetic, D.J.; Zera, R.T. Chemoprotection against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Urotoxicity: Comparison of Nine Thiol Protective Agents. AntiCancer Research, 1994, 14, 389-396.

Carroll, M.P.; Zera, R.T.; Roberts, J.C.; Schlafmann, S.E.; Feeny, D.A.; Johnston, G.R.; West, M.A.; Bubrick, M.P. Efficacy of Radioprotective Agents in Preventing Small and Large Bowel Radiation Injury. Dis. Colon Rectum, 1995, 38(7), 716-722.

Roberts, J.C.; Koch, K.E.; Detrick, S.R.; Warters, R.L.; Lubec G. Thiazolidine Prodrugs of Cysteamine and Cysteine as Radioprotective Agents. Radiation Research, 1995, 143, 203-213.

Roberts, J.C.; Phaneuf, H.L.; Szakacs, J.G.; Zera, R.T.; Lamb, J.G.; Franklin, M.R. Differential Chemoprotection against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Latentiated L-Cysteines. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 1998, 11, 1274-1282.

Roberts, J.C.; Phaneuf, H.L.; Dominick, P.K.; Wilmore, B.H.; Cassidy, P.B. Biodistribution of [35S] – Cysteine and Cysteine Prodrugs: Potential Impact on Chemoprotection Strategies. J. Labelled Cpd. Radiopharm., 1999, 42, 485-495.

Lucus, A.M.; Henning G.; Dominick, P.K.; Whiteley, H.E.; Roberts, J.C.; Cohen, S.D. Ribose Cysteine Protects Against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity. Toxicologic Pathology, 2000, 28(5), 697-704.

Wilmore, B.H.; Cassidy, P.B.; Warters, R.L.; Roberts, J.C. Thiazolidine Prodrugs as Protective Agents against y-Radiation-Induced Toxicity and Mutagenesis in V79 Cells. J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44(16), 2661-2666.

Lenarczyk, M.; Ueno, A.; Vannais, D.B.; Kraemer, S.; Kronenberg, A.; Roberts, J.C.; Tatsumi, K.; Hei, T.K.; Waldren, C.A. The “Pro-drug” RibCys Decreases the Mutagenicity of High-LET Radiation in Cultured Mammalian Cells. Radiation Research, 2003, 160, 579-583.

Lucas Slitt, A.M.; Dominick, P.K.; Roberts, J.C.; Cohen, S.D. Effect of Ribose Cysteine Pretreatment on Hepatic and Renal Acetaminophen Metabolite Formation and Glutathione Depletion. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2005, 96 (6), 487-94.

Dr Don Colbert is an internationally recognized medical doctor and best selling health author who books include the best seller Toxic Relief.  In this short video he shares the #1 way your body detoxifies all these nasty disease promoting chemicals.

What cold and flu remedies have you reached for in the past, desperate for a quick fix as the infection makes it way around the cells in your body?

Medical scientists have long known the importance of glutathione to boost the immune system, fight infections from virus and bacteria, and neutralize the free radicals and toxins produced from these infections.

Glutathione enhances the function of key immune cells such as Natural Killer (NK) cells and T cells.

NK cells are a type of while blood cell which make up part of the innate immune system which is your body’s general defence system against pathogens.  They provide a rapid response to cells  infected with viruses and attack tumor cells.  T cells are part of the adaptive immune system which responds to specific invaders.

Low levels of glutathione is correlated with many infections like pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV and many more.

Supporting your glutathione levels, which in turn supports your immune system, is a one of the potent natural ways you can keeps those horrid sick days to a minimum.

References:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18926849 GSH and analogs in antiviral therapy

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304416512002929 Glutathione and infection

However having now been in the industry, made some connections, and keeping a watchful eye I found the right company to partner with.  When I tell the story about the unheard of critical biochemistry and the breakthrough product technology to them, people often ask “how did you hear about this?”

It was because I had a prepared mind.  When this cross my path it was exactly what I dreamed of.  Just last week our new ANZ VP was announced, Andre Davids, and this is what he had to say:

 My background is originally in the fitness industry, having studied a Bachelor of Science – Human Movement and I owned and operated a successful fitness centre for many years from the age of 19. Fitness is my passion – it will always be my #1 hobby and I consider it a lifestyle!

Competing as a Pro Male Fitness Model, sharing my knowledge via Dre’s Fitness Group and my blog etc are all a labour of love and my way of giving back – helping others has always been something that drives me.

The first lightening strike was approximately 5 years ago when I became aware of breakthrough technology with a product from a global nutritional network marketing company. Always keen to utilise the latest technology and advances in science to improve my performance, health and well being I flew to Utah, USA to their head office to investigate the company, the science and the product!

No it is not a protein, pre-workout, BCAA or anything else you would be familiar with – this is revolutionary!

To say I was amazed would be an understatement – there was irrefutable evidence, including double blind, placebo controlled, cross over clinical studies in ‘HEALTHY PEOPLE’… showing the benefits to include;

On average a 276% Increase in the body’s master antioxidant.
46% increase in DHEA & 41% increase in IGF-1 (Markers for Adrenal Function and Human Growth Hormone).
61% decrease in TNF-alpha (Marker for cellular inflammation).
Which can manifest themselves in benefits such as;

Increased Energy
Improved Immune System
Reduced Inflammation
Improved Mental Focus & Clarity
Detoxification of the Liver & Cells
Reduction in the effects of Stress
Improved Quality REM Sleep
Improved Athletic Performance and Recovery

Since beginning on this product 5 years ago… it has helped me not only lift my performance, recovery and obtain my best ever physique… it has also been instrumental in my fast recovery from my accident.

Until now I have not shared this secret with others on a large scale, but without a doubt it is my #1 supplement and one I will not go without for the rest of my life!

This product is making an impact on individuals from all walks of life, from everyday people looking to improve health and well being to elite athletes looking to maximise performance!

What is my motivator? I believe in the purpose of this organisation – to empower people around the world to experience better health, success and significance.

Full post at http://dresfitnessblog.blogspot.com.au/2012/10/opportunity-meets-prepared-mind-perfect.html

Andre Davids saw the unique opportunity after being building and preparing a solid foundation, and it set to capitalize on it.

Andre, it’s great to have you as one of our new partners in the business and look forward to building this company globally together!

And if you think you have a prepared mind, you can either let this pass by you never knowing, or start doing your own due diligence at www.themaxstory.com

Dr Nagasawa’s decades of experience as a medicinal chemist has enabled him to formulate an potent energy drink which supports the production of ATP energy in all of your cells.

Now the original MaxATP packaging wasn’t always the easiest to get into, especially if you had pocketed one away to drink mid-race.  Max has released the new cylindrical packaging which makes getting the lid off in a hurry easy, and also makes for easier flow so you can down it quicker.
This new packaging and design provides the following benefits:

- Easier to open and drink from bottles wherever and whenever you are

- New sporty wrap makes it more convenient to carry and transport

- More customer options for purchase thanks to the new 5 pack and tiered pricing

Check out David Bagley, Max co-CEO, showcase the new packaging, AND for those who get in quick, the special offer of bonus free MaxATP with purchases of the new bottles.

Any new orders of MaxATP placed after September 27th and as of January 1st, 2013 all orders of MaxATP will be at the following prices:

· 5 pack – $25 / 25 CV ($5.00 per bottle)

· 10 pack – $47 / 47 CV ($4.70 per bottle)

· 15 pack – $69 / 69 CV ($4.60 per bottle); loyalty pricing – $55 ($3.66 per bottle)

· 30 pack – $135 / 135 CV ($4.50 per bottle); loyalty pricing – $105 ($3.55 per bottle)

Get Your MaxATP right here!

Apr 11, 2013

Biogen has a new Multiple Sclerosis drug approved which works by targeting the Nrf2 pathway.  At $55,000/year it’s not cheap and out of range of the average person if their health insurance won’t cover it.

Biogen scored a big win with the Tecfidera approval on March 26, which classified the drug as first-line treatment for the disease, meaning it can be used for newly diagnosed patients.

Tecfidera is different than most MS treatments in that it activates Nrf2 — a powerful protein that basically sleeps inside every cell in the human body. When awakened (or activated), Nrf2 bonds to the DNA within a target cell and jump-starts the body’s own defenses against inflammation by helping shut down unstable chains of cell-damaging free radicals. Research suggests that Tecfidera also can boost the central nervous system’s ability to reduce other processes associated with MS.

The drug, which costs nearly $55,000 a year per patient, could net Biogen more than $3 billion in annual sales.

source

——

Biogen has been doing clinical trials on a drug called BG-12 which could be their next billion-dollar hit. It works by targeting the damaging effects of oxidative stress on neurons, and it improves glutathione levels in patients. This compound has had years of testing, millions of dollars invested, and multiple rounds of clinical trials.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22267202

Abbott has payed US$400 million to Reata Pharmaceuticals as part of an agreement to co-develop and bring to market second-generation oral antioxidant inflammation modulators (AIMs) which function as NRF2 activators to reduce oxidative stress.  These drugs could potentially be used to help treat cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders and immunology.

How would you like a supplement containing the most studied natural Nrf2 activators, with thousands of years of use, along with the single most effective available compound to deliver cysteine for glutathione synthesis?

Check out Max Cellgevity here

One recent article found that sulforaphane requires selenium, but not GPx2, for being protective (1).  What was interesting is the finding that there was detrimental effects of the Nrf2-activator sulforaphane in moderate Selenium deficiency (2)

References:

1. Physiological functions of GPx2 and its role in inflammation-triggered carcinogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Jul;1259(1):19-25. Abstract

2. Glutathione peroxidase-2 and selenium decreased inflammation and tumors in a mouse model of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis whereas sulforaphane effects differed with selenium supply.  Carcinogenesis. 2012 Mar;33(3):620-8 Abstract

With all the inquiries and complaints receieved about the company, the Attorney General’s office has issued a administrative subpoena so the company can provide the information required for the investigation.

The claims of Zeek Rewards seemed too good to be true, a high-yield program with seemingly unsustainable payouts.  The concept of the penny auction sites at the core are counter to the claims of buying products on the cheap.  I remember someone contacting my about a similar setup saying how you could buy products at a fraction of the retail price.

However only one person can win each auction, so everyone else who has payed for bids loses out.  Not only that, in the reverse auction styles, the cheaper the final price for the winner, then the more the losing bidders have paid in credits.

I’ve always stayed well away from any programs like this, the substane is lacking and it’s all very much a money game.

Stick to companies will legitimate products and unique technology if you want to build something for the long term.

Seeing international recognized business people like Greg Norman buy into the Max International business, is huge confidence that Max is a growth business with a long future to come.

If you’re looking for a real home business check out the Max story and get in touch.

The Incumbent

N-Acetyl-Cysteine has been used for a long time to support glutathione levels, as it can be taken into the cells and used by the body for glutathione synthesis. There are numerous studies on PubMed.gov validating it does have an effect in raising intra-cellular glutathione levels.

For a long time it’s all that has existed on the market in the area, and the one benefit of that now it is can be found fairy cheap.  But as the saying goes “buy cheap, buy twice”.  Despite the how well known and affordable it may be, doesn’t make it be all and end all of glutathione supplementation.  A review article published in the journal Molecules in 2010 titled “Prodrug Approach for Increasing Cellular Glutathione Levels”, said of NAC:

Its use, however, has been limited by several drawbacks, including low membrane penetration and low systemic bioavailability

Given glutathione’s critical role in the body many brilliant scientists have poured the efforts into finding better compounds than NAC the body can use to raise glutathione levels.  Many of which you can read about in the Molecules article here.

The Contender

Ribose-Cysteine, aka RiboCeine, or often referred to as RibCys in the published journal articles.  It’s full chemical name is 2(R,S)-D-ribo-(1′,2′,3′,4′-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid.

It’s chemistry is different significantly from NAC in two ways.

First is the moiety (functional group) of what is attached to the cysteine.  RiboCeine has the monosaccaride sugar Ribose attached while NAC has an acetyl group.  RiboCeine has the benefit over NAC of providing a useful molecule which forms the backbone of the ATP energy molecule which is produced in our mitochondria.  There are a number of studies showing that supplementing with Ribose enhances the recovery of myocardial or skeletal muscle ATP and TAN levels following ischemia or high-intensity exercise (1, 2, 3)

Secondly is the position on the Cysteine the it’s attached to. NAC has the acetyl group attached to the nitrogen atom (hence N-Acetyl-Cysteine). RiboCeine has the ribose attached to, and protecting, the all important sulfhydryl group on the cysteine.  It’s this sulphydryl group which gives glutathione is unique and powerful properties.

RiboCeine outperforms NAC - The Research

RiboCeine has had 20 peer-review published articles over the last 25 years, funded by the National Institutes of Health, the Veterans Administration and other institutions. You can see a full list of the research at http://159326.max.com/max4u/pages/?wicket:bookmarkablePage=:com.max.web.page.RiboceinePage

See Table 1 in the patent (4) for the “300% more effective than NAC” claim. Note the 1.3x increase with NAC was a concentration 2.5 higher than the RiboCeine, which produced a 1.7x increase.

There is evidence in humans that administration of N-acetylcysteine will reverse or prevent acetaminophen-induced liver injury, but it does not always antagonize kidney injury (Davenport & Finn 1988). Unlike N-acetylcysteine, Ribose Cysteine is a cysteine prodrug that antagonized acetaminophen-induced target organ injury in both liver and kidney (Roberts et al. 1992; Lucas et al. 2000).

After the Vietnam War, a high percentage of returning veterans were addicted to drugs and alcohol.  Due to the controversy and unpopularity of the war, the veterans did not receive a glorious welcome and were ignored or shunned by most of society.  Dr. Nagasawa’s own brother was one of the soldiers who suffered this fate.  In response to this problem the Veteran’s Administration decided it needed better, more effective drugs than Antabuse to prevent alcohol abuse.   They decided that they needed more new drugs that prevented alcoholics from developing fatty livers, which would lead to cirrhosis and eventually a liver transplant or death.

The team knew they needed compounds that were non-toxic to combine with cysteine in order to effectively deliver it to the cell.  They realized that we do have such compounds in our own body, namely aldose monosaccharide, or the simple sugars produced when glucose is metabolized.

To test this possibility, grad student Jeanette Roberts prepared the sugar-cysteine condensation produced from 8 different aldose saccharides.  The next experiment showed that livers that had an overdose of ACP plus the saccharide D-ribose combined with cysteine had 100% survival rate from the in vivo experiments, while the next best compound, glucose-cysteine did not perform nearly as well.

Eureka!  Ribose-Cysteine protected the liver form a toxic dose of ACP.  Ribose-Cysteine serves as an effective delivery method of bringing L-cysteine to cells, stimulates glutathione biosynthesis and protects them from toxins.  The ribose-cysteine compound also makes for an ideal dietary supplement since it’s made from endogenous elements already in our body.

Further experiments went on to show that ribose-cysteine was even more effective than NAC in increasing glutathione content within a liver cell.

Nagasawa retired and moved to California in 2004, but his retirement is relative. Now 80 years old [in 2008], he still consults on the project and stays in touch daily with Patterson, who took over the lead role.

“It’s so important to solve this problem,” he says. “My philosophy is that if you have anything to provide to push this problem forward intellectually, then you are morally obligated to get it done.”

After completing his work on the cyanide antidote Dr Nagasawa, now aged in his 80′s, focused his efforts on making his RiboCeine technology available to the world and approached Max International to purchase his technology.

Dr Nagasawa actually missed the launch event of his first RiboCeine based product, MaxATP, at Max International.  He was at the National Institutes of Health-Homeland Security 4th Annual Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats Network Symposium to presenting his work on the cyanide antidote.

The efficacy of the RiboCeine compound has attracted many top doctors to Max International, some of which volunteer on the medical advisory board. One Dr. Doug Harrington is a former member of the Stanford heart transplant team and currently serves as CEO of Aviir, Inc., a Stanford University spin-out cardiac biomarker company. In the following short video he discussed the unique chemistry and science of RiboCeine.

Max International has been invited to the 1st International Conference of Medical Biology and 3rd International Symposium of Biological Therapies and Homotoxicology in Buenos Aires, Argentina to present on RiboCeine™ and glutathione.

Max International’s top RiboCeine product to raise your glutathione is Cellgevity

Further reading:

Max International Medical Advisory Board

Who has used Cellgevity?

References:

1 The role of ribose in human skeletal muscle metabolism Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(5):819-24.

2 Effect of ribose supplementation on resynthesis of adenine nucleotides after intense intermittent training in humans Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jan;286(1):R182-8.

3 The Effects of Four Weeks of Ribose Supplementation on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Healthy, Young, Male Recreational Bodybuilders. Current Therapeutic Research Volume 63, Issue 8

4 Method To Enhance The Delivery Of Glutathione And ATP Levels In Cells http://www.google.com/patents/US20090042822?printsec=abstract#v=onepage&q&f=false

5 Dr. Nagasawa Shares the Story of RiboCeine’s Development http://blog.maxgxl.com/?p=13090

6 An Idea Born In 1941 Hawaii http://archives.midweek.com/content/columns/newsmaker_article/an_idea_born_in_1941_hawaii/

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